ER (TV series)

ER
ERTitleCard.jpg
ER intertitle
Format Medical drama
Created by Michael Crichton
Starring Anthony Edwards
George Clooney
Sherry Stringfield
Noah Wyle
Eriq La Salle
Julianna Margulies
Gloria Reuben
Laura Innes
Maria Bello
Alex Kingston
Kellie Martin
Paul McCrane
Goran Visnjic
Michael Michele
Erik Palladino
Ming-Na
Maura Tierney
Sharif Atkins
Mekhi Phifer
Parminder Nagra
Linda Cardellini
Shane West
Scott Grimes
John Stamos
David Lyons
Angela Bassett
Opening theme James Newton Howard
(1994–2006, finale)
Martin Davich
(2006–2009)
Country of origin United States
No. of seasons 15
No. of episodes 331 (List of episodes)
Production
Camera setup Single
Running time 60 minutes (including commercials)
approx. 45 minutes (without commercials)
Production company(s) Constant c Productions
Amblin Television
Warner Bros. Television
Broadcast
Original channel NBC
Picture format 480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original run September 19, 1994 – April 2, 2009
Chronology
Related shows Third Watch
Medical Investigation
External links
Official website

ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 1994 to April 2009. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment, in association with Warner Bros. Television. It is set primarily in the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. The show ran for 15 seasons, becoming the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history. It won 23 Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award. It received 124 Emmy nominations, the second most of any television show in history after Saturday Night Live.

Contents

Production

Development

In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a resident physician in a busy hospital emergency room.[1] The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In 1990, he published the novel Jurassic Park, and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the film adaptation of the book.[2] Crichton and Spielberg then turned to ER, but decided to film the story as a two-hour pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film.[3] Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment provided John Wells as the show's executive producer. The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. The only substantive changes made by the producers in 1994 made the Susan Lewis character a woman and the Peter Benton character an African-American, and shortened the running time by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV.[4] Due to a lack of the time and money necessary to build a set, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Community Hospital in Los Angeles, an old facility that had ceased operating as a medical center in 1990.[5] A set modeled after Los Angeles County General Hospital's emergency room was built soon afterward at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in Chicago, most notably at the city's famous "L" train platforms.[6]

Warren Littlefield, running NBC Entertainment at the time, was impressed by the series, "We were intrigued, but we were admittedly a bit spooked in attempting to go back into that territory a few years after St. Elsewhere.[7]" After Steven Spielberg had joined as a producer, NBC ordered six-episodes of the series. "ER premiered opposite a Monday Night Football game on ABC and did surprisingly well. Then we moved it to Thursday and it just took off," commented Littlefield[8]. ER's success surprised the networks and critics alike, as David E. Kelley's new medical drama Chicago Hope, was expected to crush the new series.[9]

Spielberg left the show after one year as a producer, having made one critical decision with lasting effects: the Carol Hathaway character, who died at the end of the original script for the pilot episode, was retained. Crichton remained executive producer throughout the series' run. Wells, the series' other initial executive producer, served as show runner for the initial seasons. He was one of the show's most prolific writers and became a regular director in later years. Lydia Woodward was a part of the first season production team and became an executive producer for the third season. She took over as show runner for the fourth season while Wells focused on the development of other series, including Trinity, Third Watch, and The West Wing. She left her executive producer position at the end of the sixth season but continued to write episodes throughout the series' run.

Woodward was replaced as show runner by Jack Orman. Orman was recruited as a writer-producer for the series in its fourth season after a successful stint working on JAG. He was promoted quickly and became an executive producer and show runner for the series' seventh season. He held this role for three seasons before leaving the series at the end of the ninth season. Orman was also a frequent writer and directed three episodes of the show. David Zabel served as the series' head writer and executive producer in its later seasons. He initially joined the crew for the eighth season and became an executive producer and show runner for the twelfth season onwards. Zabel was the series' most frequent writer, contributing to 41 episodes. He also made his directing debut on the series. Christopher Chulack was the series' most frequent director and worked as a producer on all 15 seasons. He became an executive producer in the fourth season but occasionally scaled back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music.

Cast and characters

Original cast of the show (1994–1995)
Final season cast (2008–2009)

The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Douglas "Doug" Ross, Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis, Noah Wyle as medical student John Carter, and Eriq La Salle as Dr. Peter Benton.[10]As the series continued, some key changes were made: Nurse Carol Hathaway, played by Julianna Margulies, died from a drug overdose in the original pilot script, was made into a regular cast member, while Gloria Reuben and Laura Innes, would then join the series as Physician Assistant Jeanie Boulet and Dr. Kerry Weaver, by the show's second season.[11]

Beginning during the third season, the first of a series of cast additions, departures and changes, that would see the entire original cast leave over time, began.[12] Stringfield was the first to exit the series, reportedly making producers upset. Producers believed she wanted to negotiate for more money, but the actress did not particularly care for "fame"[13] (though she would return to the series from 2001 until 2005).[14] Clooney departed the series in 1999 in hopes of a film career.[15] Edwards left in season eight when his character was killed by a brain tumor[16] and Wyle originally left the series in order to spend more time with his family, but would return for two multiple episode appearances in the show's final seasons.[17] Memorable characters such as Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovac, Maura Tierney as Dr. Abby Lockhart, Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday, and Paul McCrane as Dr. Robert Romano, all joined the cast as the seasons went on.[18] In the much later seasons, the show would see the additions of Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt, Parminder Nagra as Dr. Neela Rasgotra, Linda Cardellini as nurse Sam Taggart, John Stamos as intern Tony Gates, and Angela Bassett as Dr. Catherine Banfield.[19]

In addition to the main cast, ER featured a large number of recurring cast members. Though not billed as starring, these actors frequently played significant roles in numerous episodes. The most common of these roles were those of desk clerks, nurses, and doctors. ER also featured a significant roster of guest stars, many of whom were celebrities, who typically portrayed one of the many patients required for each episode.

Broadcasting

Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's second longest-running drama, after Law & Order, and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time.[20] On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its final season.[21] The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast on March 12, 2009,[22][23] but NBC announced in January 2009 that it would extend the show by an additional three episodes to a full 22 episode order as part of a deal to launch a new series by John Wells titled Police, later retitled Southland.[24] ER's final episode aired on April 2, 2009; the two-hour episode was preceded by a one-hour retrospective special.[25] The series finale charged $425,000 per 30-second ad spot, more than three times the season's rate of $135,000.[26]

Episodes

A typical episode centered on the ER, with most scenes set in the hospital or surrounding streets. In addition, most seasons included at least one storyline located completely outside of the ER, often outside of Chicago. One early storyline involved a road trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to Nevada and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. “We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa,” ER producer, John Wells said. “The show is not about telling people to eat their vegetables, but if we can do that in an entertaining context, then there’s nothing better.”[27] The series also focused on social issues such as HIV and AIDS organ transplants, racism, human trafficking, and gay rights.[28]

Joe Sachs, who was a writer and producer of the series, believed keeping a commitment to medical accuracy was extremely important, "We'd bend the rules but never break them. A medication that would take 10 minutes to work might take 30 seconds instead. We compressed time. A 12- to 24-hour shift gets pushed into 48 minutes. But we learned that being accurate was important for more reasons than just making real and responsible drama."[29]

Other episodes used more creative formats, such as the 1997 live episode, "Ambush" performed twice; once for the east coast broadcast and again three hours later for the west coast,[30] and 2002's "Hindsight" which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Luka Kovac through the tragic events of one Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it.

Format

ER was filmed in 1.78:1 widescreen from the start, even though it was not broadcast in widescreen until the seventh season when it began appearing in the 1080i HD format. Since the sixth episode of Season 7, it has appeared in letterbox format when in standard definition. As a result, the U.S. DVD box set features the widescreen versions of the episodes, including those episodes originally broadcast in 1.33:1 (full frame) format. The episodes also appear in 1080i widescreen when rerun on TNT HD, though the first six seasons still run in full frame 1.33:1 on the digital TNT network. Only the live episode "Ambush" at the beginning of the fourth season and the opening credits for the first six seasons are in standard 4:3 aspect ratio.

Impact

Ratings

American seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of ER on NBC.

Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps. All times mentioned in this section were in the Eastern and Pacific time zones.

Season Season Premiere Season Finale TV Season Viewer
Rank (#)		 Viewers
(in millions)
1st September 19, 1994 May 18, 1995 1994–1995 #2[31] 19.0[31]
2nd September 21, 1995 May 16, 1996 1995–1996 #1[32] 21.0[32]
3rd September 26, 1996 May 15, 1997 1996–1997 #1[33] 20.5[33]
4th September 25, 1997 May 14, 1998 1997–1998 #2[34] 19.9[34]
5th September 24, 1998 May 20, 1999 1998–1999 #1[35] 25.4[35]
6th September 30, 1999 May 18, 2000 1999–2000 #4[36] 25.0[37]
7th October 12, 2000 May 17, 2001 2000–2001 #2[38] 22.4[38]
8th September 27, 2001 May 16, 2002 2001–2002 #3[39] 22.1[39]
9th September 26, 2002 May 15, 2003 2002–2003 #7[40] 20.0[40]
10th September 25, 2003 May 13, 2004 2003–2004 #8[41] 19.5[41]
11th September 23, 2004 May 19, 2005 2004–2005 #16[42] 15.5[42]
12th September 22, 2005 May 18, 2006 2005–2006 #30[43] 12.3[43]
13th September 21, 2006 May 17, 2007 2006–2007 #31[44] 11.5[44]
14th September 27, 2007 May 15, 2008 2007–2008 #55[45] 9.16[45]
15th September 25, 2008 April 2, 2009 2008–2009 #36[46] 10.3[46]

Critical reception

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by ER

The series has been nominated for 375 industry awards and has won 116. ER won the George Foster Peabody Award in 1995. In addition, the series has received 124 Emmy Award nominations[49] The series has won 22 Emmy Awards. It also won the People's Choice Award for "Favorite Television Dramatic Series" every year from 1995 to 2002. Over the years, it has been nominated for and/or won numerous other awards, including Screen Actors Guild Awards, Image Awards, GLAAD Media Awards, and Golden Globe Awards, among others.[50]

Distribution

Home video

Warner Home Video has released ER on DVD in Regions 1, 2, and 4. Seasons 1–12 have been released in R1, all 15 seasons in R2, and Seasons 1–13 in R4.

DVD Name Ep# Release dates
Region 1 Region 2 (UK) Region 4 (AUS)
ER: The Complete First Season (1994–1995) 25 August 26, 2003 February 23, 2004 April 28, 2004
ER: The Complete Second Season (1995–1996) 22 April 27, 2004 July 26, 2004 July 15, 2004
ER: The Complete Third Season (1996–1997) 22 April 26, 2005 January 31, 2005 December 16, 2004
ER: The Complete Fourth Season (1997–1998) 22 December 20, 2005 May 16, 2005 April 27, 2005
ER: The Complete Fifth Season (1998–1999) 22 July 11, 2006 October 24, 2005 November 15, 2005
ER: The Complete Sixth Season (1999–2000) 22 December 19, 2006 April 3, 2006 May 5, 2006
ER: The Complete Seventh Season (2000–2001) 22 May 15, 2007 September 18, 2006 October 3, 2006
ER: The Complete Eighth Season (2001–2002) 22 January 22, 2008 July 16, 2007 September 6, 2007
ER: The Complete Ninth Season (2002–2003) 22 June 17, 2008 October 29, 2007 October 31, 2007
ER: The Complete Tenth Season (2003–2004) 22 March 3, 2009 January 28, 2008 May 7, 2008
ER: The Complete Eleventh Season (2004–2005) 22 July 14, 2009 April 21, 2008 May 7, 2008
ER: The Complete Twelfth Season (2005–2006) 22 January 12, 2010 September 15, 2008 October 1, 2008
ER: The Complete Thirteenth Season (2006–2007) 23 July 6, 2010[51] November 3, 2008 April 29, 2009
ER: The Complete Fourteenth Season (2007–2008) 19 TBA May 18, 2009 April 28, 2010
ER: The Complete Fifteenth Season (2008–2009) 22 TBA September 21, 2009 October 13, 2010

The first six DVD box sets of ER are unusual in the fact that they are all in anamorphic widescreen even though the episodes were broadcast in a standard 4:3 format. Only the live episode "Ambush" is not in the widescreen format.

Soundtrack

In 1996 Atlantic Records released an album of music from the first two seasons, featuring James Newton Howard's theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hour pilot, Davich scored all the subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006-2009 until the final episode, when Howard's original theme returned) and songs used on the series.

  1. Theme From ER – James Newton Howard (3:02)
  2. Dr. Lewis And Renee (from "The Birthday Party") (1:57)
  3. Canine Blues (from "Make Of Two Hearts") (2:27)
  4. Goodbye Baby Susie (from "Fever Of Unknown Origin") (3:11)
  5. Doug & Carol (from "The Gift") – composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (1:59)
  6. Healing Hands – Marc Cohn (4:25)
  7. The Hero (from "Hell And High Water") composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (1:55)
  8. Carter, See You Next Fall (from "Everything Old Is New Again") (1:28)
  9. Reasons For Living – Duncan Sheik (4:33)
  10. Dr. Green And A Mother's Death (from "Love's Labor Lost") (2:48)
  11. Raul Dies (from "The Healers") (2:20)
  12. Hell And High Water (from "Hell And High Water") – composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (2:38)
  13. Hold On (from "Hell And High Water") (2:47)
  14. Shep Arrives (from "The Healers") (3:37)
  15. Shattered Glass (from "Hell And High Water") (2:11)
  16. Theme From ER – James Newton Howard (1:00)
  17. It Came Upon A Midnight Clear – Mike Finnegan (2:30)

Other media

An ER video game for Windows XP and 2000 was released in 2005.

References

  1. ↑ Jacobs, Jason (2003). Body Trauma TV: The New Hospital Dramas (illustrated ed.). British Film Institute. pp. 24. ISBN 0851708803. 
  2. ↑ Richard, Zoglin; Smilgis, Martha (1994-10-31). "Television: Angels with Dirty Faces". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981691-2,00.html. Retrieved 2009-10-17. 
  3. ↑ Keenleyside, Sam (1998). Bedside manners: George Clooney and ER (llustrated ed.). ECW Press. p. 129. ISBN 1550223364. 
  4. ↑ Crichton, Michael (Creator). (2004-02-24). ER: The Complete First Season. [DVD]. Warner Bros.. 
  5. ↑ "Linda Vista Hospital". The Center for Land Use Interpretation. http://ludb.clui.org/ex/i/CA6083/#. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  6. ↑ Carter, Bill (2006). Desperate Networks (illustrated ed.). Doubleday. pp. 30. ISBN 0385514409. 
  7. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  8. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". TV Series Finale. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  9. ↑ "'ER' closes door, leaves behind satisfying legacy". MSNBC. 2009-03-24. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29843242/. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  10. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  11. ↑ "Memories of 'ER'". Military.com. 2009-03-30. http://www.military.com/entertainment/television/memories-of-er. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  12. ↑ "Why I Left ER, By Sherry Springfield". Greenspun. 2000-11-28. http://www.greenspun.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg.tcl?msg_id=0049KI. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  13. ↑ "Why I Left ER, By Sherry Springfield". Greenspun. 2000-11-28. http://www.greenspun.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg.tcl?msg_id=0049KI. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  14. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  15. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  16. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  17. ↑ "Memories of 'ER'". NY Post. 2009-02-12. http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/tv/item_QbjH5HA6n46umyyowU3aZN/1. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  18. ↑ "Memories of 'ER'". Military.com. 2009-03-30. http://www.military.com/entertainment/television/memories-of-er. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  19. ↑ "Memories of 'ER'". Military.com. 2009-03-30. http://www.military.com/entertainment/television/memories-of-er. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  20. ↑ "After 11 years, Dr. Carter takes leave from ER". ER Headquarters. 2005-03-31. http://www.erheadquarters.com/news/11/after11years_033105.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  21. ↑ "NBC PICKS UP CLASSIC, EMMY AWARD-WINNING 'ER' FOR 15TH AND FINAL SEASON". NBC Universal Media Village. 2008-04-02. http://www.nbcumv.com/release_detail.nbc/nbcuniversaltelevision-20080402000000-nbcpicksupclassic.html. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  22. ↑ Levin, Gary (2008-04-08). "NBC veteran 'ER' will end its run next year". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2008-04-07-er-final-season_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  23. ↑ The Futon Critic Staff (2008-12-03). "Nbc Fallout: "Knight" Cut, "Er" Extended". The Futon Critic. http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=7876. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  24. ↑ Schneider, Michael (2009-01-08). "Wells' 'Police' close to series order, Final season of 'ER' to be extended". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117998243.html?categoryid=14&cs=1. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  25. ↑ "ER: Clooney and Margulies Return to Closed Set for a Final Episode". TV Series Finale. 2009-01-22. http://tvseriesfinale.com/articles/er-clooney-and-margulies-to-return-for-final-episodes/. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  26. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  27. ↑ "'ER' closes door, leaves behind satisfying legacy". MSNBC. 2009-03-24. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29843242/. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  28. ↑ "'ER' closes door, leaves behind satisfying legacy". MSNBC. 2009-03-24. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29843242/. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  29. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  30. ↑ "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". Hollywood Reporter. 2009-04-01. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf. Retrieved 2010-06-13. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "TV Ratings: 1994–1995". Classic TV Hits. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1994.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "TV Ratings: 1995–1996". Classic TV Hits. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1995.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-13. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "TV Ratings: 1996–1997". Classic TV Hits. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1996.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-13. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "TV Ratings: 1997–1998". Classic TV Hits. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1997.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-13. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Final ratings for the 1998–1999 TV season". Entertainment Weekly. June 4, 1999. http://www.oocities.com/Hollywood/4616/ew0604.html. Retrieved 2009-12-30. 
  36. ↑ Maynard, Kevin (2003-05-08). "While cast revolves, auds stay involved". Variety. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23318418_ITM. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  37. ↑ "US-Jahrescharts 1999/2000" (in German). Quotenmeter. 2002-05-30. http://www.quotenmeter.de/index.php?newsid=9946. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Armstrong, Mark (2001-05-25). "Outback in Front: CBS Wins Season". E! Online. http://cache.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,8327,00.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "How did your favorite show rate?". USA Today. 2002-05-28. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2002/2002-05-28-year-end-chart.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Ryan, Joal (2003-05-22). "TV Season Wraps; 'CSI' Rules". E! Online. http://cache.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,11855,00.html?newsrellink. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Ryan, Joal (2004-05-27). ""Idol" Rules TV Season". E! Online. http://cache.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,14203,00.html. Retrieved 2006-10-14. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "2004–05 Final audience and ratings figures". Hollywood Reporter. 2005-05-27. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/television/feature_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000937471. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "2005–06 primetime wrap". Hollywood Reporter. 2006-05-26. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/television/feature_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002576393. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Hollywood Reporter: 2006–07 primetime wrap". Hollywood Reporter. 2007-05-27. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/features/e3ifbfdd1bcb53266ad8d9a71cad261604f. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 ABC Media (2008-05-20). "ABC Medianet PRESS RELEASE – ENTERTAINMENT – SEASON RANKINGS (THROUGH 5/18)". Press release. http://www.abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=052008_06. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 ABC Media (2009-05-19). "ABC Medianet PRESS RELEASE – ENTERTAINMENT – SEASON PROGRAM RANKINGS (THROUGH 5/17)". Press release. http://www.abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=051909_05. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  47. ↑ Dobuzinskis, Alex (2009-04-03). "UPDATE 1-'ER' finale draws 16.4 million TV viewers". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/04/03/afx6255079.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  48. ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (2009-04-03). "'ER' series finale scores with auds". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118002091.html?categoryid=1275&cs=1. Retrieved 2009-11-16. 
  49. ↑ "2005–2006 Primetime Emmy Awards Facts & Figures". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. 2006. http://www.emmys.org/downloads/images/2006emmys/05_06_facts_and_figs.php. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  50. ↑ "ER (1994) - Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108757/awards. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  51. ↑ http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/ER-Season-13/13483

External links

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series

Police Story (1976) · Upstairs, Downstairs (1977) · The Rockford Files (1978) · Lou Grant (1979) · Lou Grant (1980) · Hill Street Blues (1981) · Hill Street Blues (1982) · Hill Street Blues (1983) · Hill Street Blues (1984) · Cagney & Lacey (1985) · Cagney & Lacey (1986) · L.A. Law (1987) · Thirtysomething (1988) · L.A. Law (1989) · L.A. Law (1990) · L.A. Law (1991) · Northern Exposure (1992) · Picket Fences (1993) · Picket Fences (1994) · NYPD Blue (1995) · ER (1996) · Law & Order (1997) · The Practice (1998) · The Practice (1999) · The West Wing (2000)
(1951–1975) · (1976–2000) · (2001–present)
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series

NYPD Blue (1994) · ER (1995) · ER (1996) · ER (1997) · ER (1998) · The Sopranos (1999) · The West Wing (2000) · The West Wing (2001) · Six Feet Under (2002) · Six Feet Under (2003) · CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2004) · Lost (2005) · Grey's Anatomy (2006) · The Sopranos (2007) · Mad Men (2008) · Mad Men (2009)
Works by Michael Crichton
Novels
The Andromeda Strain (1969) · The Terminal Man (1972) · The Great Train Robbery (1975) · Eaters of the Dead (1976) · Congo (1980) · Sphere (1987) · Jurassic Park (1990) · Rising Sun (1992) · Disclosure (1994) · The Lost World (1995) · Airframe (1996) · Timeline (1999) · Prey (2002) · State of Fear (2004) · Next (2006) · Pirate Latitudes (2009) · Untitled (2012)
Novels written
under
pseudonyms
Odds On (1966) · Scratch One (1967) · Easy Go (1968) · A Case of Need (1968) · Zero Cool (1969) · The Venom Business (1969) · Drug of Choice (1970) · Dealing (1970) · Grave Descend (1970) · Binary (1972)
Non-fiction
Five Patients (1970) · Jasper Johns (1977) · Electronic Life (1983) · Travels (1988)
Film
adaptations
The Andromeda Strain (1971) · Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (1972) · The Carey Treatment (1972) · The Terminal Man (1974) · The First Great Train Robbery (1979) · Rising Sun (1993) · Jurassic Park (1993) · Disclosure (1994) · Congo (1995) · The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) · Sphere (1998) · The 13th Warrior (1999) · Timeline (2003) · The Andromeda Strain (2008)
Film writer
or director
Pursuit (1972) · Westworld (1973) · Coma (1978) · The First Great Train Robbery (1979) · Looker (1981) · Runaway (1984) · Physical Evidence (1989) · Jurassic Park (1993) · Rising Sun (1993) · Twister (1996)
TV series
Beyond Westworld (1980) · ER (1994–2009)
ER
Characters
Main
John Carter · Kerry Weaver · Abby Lockhart · Luka Kovač · Mark Greene · Peter Benton · Elizabeth Corday · Susan Lewis · Greg Pratt · Carol Hathaway · Neela Rasgotra · Samantha Taggart · Robert Romano · Jing-Mei Chen · Archie Morris · Doug Ross · Jeanie Boulet · Ray Barnett · Tony Gates · Michael Gallant · Cleo Finch · Dave Malucci · Lucy Knight · Simon Brenner · Anna Del Amico · Catherine Banfield
Supporting
Doctors · Nurses · Non-medical staff · Family members and friends
Episodes
1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15
Cast of ER · Quotes · Michael Crichton